Loneliness and Dementia & Alzheimer Disease

Although the actual mechanism linking loneliness with Alzheimer's is unclear, the researchers say it is unlikely that Alzheimer's actually causes the loneliness. 

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Social isolation in old age has been associated with the risk of developing dementia, but the risk associated with perceived isolation, or loneliness, is not well understood.

Researchers at the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago tested the hypothesis that loneliness is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease. The results were published in the February, 2007 issue of the journal Archives of General Psychiatry.

Researchers assessed loneliness and dementia in 823 people, averaging almost 81 years of age, for up to four years. At the start of the study, the participants' overall average loneliness score was 2.3 on a scale from 1 (lowest) to 5.

Seventy-six people developed Alzheimer's disease during the course of the study, which is 

According to the researchers, each point of increase on the loneliness score was associated with about a 51 percent increased risk of developing Alzheimer's.

This would mean that a person with a high loneliness score (3.2) would be about 2.1 times more likely to develop Alzheimer's than someone with a low score (1.4), they said.

At death, a uniform postmortem examination of the brain was conducted to quantify AD pathology in multiple brain regions and the presence of cerebral infarctions. Autopsies performed on 90 people who died during the study revealed that loneliness in life was not related to any of the characteristic brain changes that are associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as nerve plaques and tangles.

Although the actual mechanism linking loneliness with Alzheimer's is unclear, the researchers say it is unlikely that Alzheimer's actually causes the loneliness. 

Researchers from Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center concluded that loneliness is associated with an increased risk of late-life dementia but not associated with its leading causes.


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